二进制包安装MySQL数据库

1.1二进制包安装MySQL数据库

1.1.1 安装前准备(规范)

[root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir -p /home/zhurui/tools  ##创建指定工具包存放路径

[root@Mysql_server ~]# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz  ##下载二进制包

[root@Mysql_server tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz   ##解压Mysql包

[root@Mysql_server tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql  ##创建mysql用户

[root@Mysql_server tools]# id mysql

uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)

[root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir /application/

[root@Mysql_server home]# mv /home/zhurui/tools/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32  

[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/

total 4

drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32

[root@Mysql_server tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql  ##设置软链接

[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/

total 4

lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   26 Dec 13 14:39 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/

drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32

[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/

total 76

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 bin

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel 17987 Jun 19  2013 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 data

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:30 docs

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 include

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel  7470 Jun 19  2013 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 lib

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 man

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 wheel  2496 Jun 19  2013 README

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 share

drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   4096 Dec 13 14:31 support-files

 

1.1.2 初始化数据库

 

[root@Mysql_server tools]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql  ##初始化数据库

Installing MySQL system tables...

OK

Filling help tables...

OK

[root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/data/  ##查看初始化结果

total 12

drwx------. 2 mysql root  4096 Dec 13 14:45 mysql

drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 13 14:45 performance_schema

drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql root  4096 Dec 13 14:31 test

 

1.1.3 授权Mysql管理数据库文件

1 [root@Mysql_server ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
2 [root@Mysql_server ~]# ll /application/mysql
3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 26 Dec 13 14:39 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/

1.1.4 生成Mysql配置文件

1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# \cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

1.1.5 配置启动Mysql

1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server 
2 [root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  ##将生成的启动脚本拷贝到init.d目录下
3 [root@Mysql_server tools]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld 

1.1.6 启动Mysql

[root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306  ##查询Mysql服务是否开启

[root@Mysql_server tools]# 

[root@Mysql_server tools]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start  ##启动Mysql服务

Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS! 

[root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306

COMMAND  PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld  2235 mysql   10u  IPv4  22761      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

[root@Mysql_server tools]#

1.1.7 配置环境变量

方法1：

1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/ ##方法1

方法2：

 

1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# tail -1 /etc/profile
2 PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"   ##尾部添加如下行
3 [root@Mysql_server tools]# source /etc/profile    ##使得配置生效

 

1.1.8 设置及更改密码

1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456   
2 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password zhurui

2.1 数据库管理

 

[root@Mysql_server tools]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 8

Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 

mysql> show databases;   ##查看数据库；

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> drop database test;  ##删除test库；

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> show databases;    

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ##查看用户列表；

+------+---------------+

| user | host          |

+------+---------------+

| root | 127.0.0.1     |

| root | ::1           |

|      | Mysql\_server |

| root | Mysql\_server |

|      | localhost     |

| root | localhost     |

+------+---------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> drop user root@'::1';  ##删除无用用户

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> drop user ''@'Mysql\_server';      ##对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> drop user ''@'localhost';    

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> drop user 'root'@'Mysql\_server';  对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+---------------+

| user | host          |

+------+---------------+

| root | 127.0.0.1     |

|      | Mysql\_server |

| root | Mysql\_server |

| root | localhost     |

+------+---------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

对于大写、特殊字符删除不了解决办法：

mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="" and host="Mysql\_server";

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

 

mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="root" and host="Mysql\_server";

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;  ##将无用用户删除以后，查看用户列表                               

+------+-----------+

| user | host      |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | localhost |

+------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;  ##最后使得权限生效

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

创建用户sql语句：

 

1 mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;flush privileges;