LXML是python的一个库,可以迅速、灵活地处理 XML。它支持 XML Path Language (XPath) 和 Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT),并且实现了常见的 ElementTree API。这2天测试了一下在python中通过xslt来提取网页内容,记录如下: 1.要提取集搜客官网旧版论坛的帖子标题和回复数2.运行下面的代码(在windows10, python3.2下测试通过)from urllib import request from lxml import etree url="http://www.gooseeker.com/cn/forum/7" conn=request.urlopen(url) doc = etree.HTML(conn.read()) xslt_root = etree.XML("""\ <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:template match="/"> <列表> <xsl:apply-templates select="//*[@id='forum' and count(./table/tbody/tr[position()>=1 and count(.//*[@class='topic']/a/text())>0])>0]" mode="列表"/> </列表> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="table/tbody/tr[position()>=1]" mode="list"> <item> <标题> <xsl:value-of select="*//*[@class='topic']/a/text()"/> <xsl:value-of select="*[@class='topic']/a/text()"/> <xsl:if test="@class='topic'"> <xsl:value-of select="a/text()"/> </xsl:if> </标题> <回复数> <xsl:value-of select="*//*[@class='replies']/text()"/> <xsl:value-of select="*[@class='replies']/text()"/> <xsl:if test="@class='replies'"> <xsl:value-of select="text()"/> </xsl:if> </回复数> </item> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="//*[@id='forum' and count(./table/tbody/tr[position()>=1 and count(.//*[@class='topic']/a/text())>0])>0]" mode="列表"> <item> <list> <xsl:apply-templates select="table/tbody/tr[position()>=1]" mode="list"/> </list> </item> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>""") transform = etree.XSLT(xslt_root) result_tree = transform(doc) print(result_tree) 3.得到抓取结果4.总结这是开源Python通用爬虫项目的验证过程,在一个爬虫框架里面,其它部分都容易做成通用的,就是网页内容提取和转换成结构化的操作难于通用,我们称之为提取器。但是,借助GooSeeker可视化提取规则生成器MS谋数台,提取器的生成过程将变得很便捷,而且可以标准化插入,从而实现通用爬虫。 5.11更新
增加了:1.翻页;2.抓取结果写入文件 from urllib import request from lxml import etree import time xslt_root = etree.XML("""\ <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:template match="/"> <列表> <xsl:apply-templates select="//*[@id='forum' and count(./table/tbody/tr[position()>=1 and count(.//*[@class='topic']/a/text())>0])>0]" mode="列表"/> </列表> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="table/tbody/tr[position()>=1]" mode="list"> <item> <标题> <xsl:value-of select="*//*[@class='topic']/a/text()"/> <xsl:value-of select="*[@class='topic']/a/text()"/> <xsl:if test="@class='topic'"> <xsl:value-of select="a/text()"/> </xsl:if> </标题> <回复数> <xsl:value-of select="*//*[@class='replies']/text()"/> <xsl:value-of select="*[@class='replies']/text()"/> <xsl:if test="@class='replies'"> <xsl:value-of select="text()"/> </xsl:if> </回复数> </item> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="//*[@id='forum' and count(./table/tbody/tr[position()>=1 and count(.//*[@class='topic']/a/text())>0])>0]" mode="列表"> <item> <list> <xsl:apply-templates select="table/tbody/tr[position()>=1]" mode="list"/> </list> </item> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>""") baseurl="http://www.gooseeker.com/cn/forum/7" basefilebegin="jsk_bbs_" basefileend=".xml" count=1 while (count < 12): url=baseurl + "?page=" + str(count) conn=request.urlopen(url) doc = etree.HTML(conn.read()) transform = etree.XSLT(xslt_root) result_tree = transform(doc) print(str(result_tree)) file_obj=open(basefilebegin+str(count)+basefileend,'w',encoding='UTF-8') file_obj.write(str(result_tree)) file_obj.close() count+=1 time.sleep(2) (责任编辑:好模板) |